FLORIDA ATLANTIC UNIVERSITY®

U.S. Banks’ Exposure to Risk from Commercial Real Estate Screener

Home Bank Exposures Commercial Real Estate Unrealized Losses on Investment Securities Screener Uninsured DepositsUninsured Deposit Stress Test

Many financial experts in the banking industry have warned about future losses on commercial real estate (CRE) mortgages as hundreds of billions of dollars in loans reprice in a high-rate environment over the coming year.

As most CRE mortgages are five-year balloon mortgages, many of these loans that originated in a lower rate environment in 2019 are currently rolling over and need refinancing this year when rates are well above 7%. The same concern carries over in 2025 for CRE loans originated in 2020, as well as 2026 for CRE loans originated in 2021.

The imminent refinancing of loans, combined with more commercial properties selling at a discount relative to pre-pandemic values, has exposed vulnerabilities in the banking system not only to commercial real estate mortgages, but also to commercial real estate construction loans and unused commitments to fund commercial real estate mortgages and loans.

The U.S. Banks’ Exposure to Risk from Commercial Real Estate screener evaluates 155 of the largest banks in America out of over 4,000 existing banks to track their exposure to commercial real estate. Using publicly available quarterly data from the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council Central Data Repository, we calculate each bank’s total CRE exposure (the sum of CRE nonfarm-nonresidential mortgages, multifamily mortgages, CRE construction loans and unused CRE commitments) as a percentage of the bank’s total equity.

We use this ratio as a broad measure of bank exposure to commercial real estate. A variation of this ratio is often used by banking regulators to assess CRE exposures. Any ratio over 300% is viewed as excessive exposure to CRE, which puts the bank at greater risk of failure.

This ongoing, quarterly project is produced by The Banking Initiative at Florida Atlantic University sponsored by Executive Education.

Obs Name ST Total Assets (Millions) Total Equity (Millions) Equity to Assets CRE Total (Millions) CRE Total to Equity
1 DIME COMMUNITY BANK NY 13,733 1,500 10.9% 9,030 602%
2 EAGLEBANK MD 11,228 1,225 10.9% 6,994 571%
3 BANK OZK AR 37,442 5,593 14.9% 31,650 566%
4 LIVE OAK BANKING COMPANY NC 12,526 975 7.8% 5,369 550%
5 MERCHANTS BANK OF INDIANA IN 18,594 1,907 10.3% 10,283 539%
6 FLAGSTAR BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCI NY 114,307 8,946 7.8% 48,222 539%
7 SERVISFIRST BANK AL 16,448 1,628 9.9% 8,753 538%
8 FIRST FOUNDATION BANK CA 13,352 1,203 9.0% 6,166 513%
9 PROVIDENT BANK NJ 24,025 2,956 12.3% 14,425 488%
10 FIRST UNITED BANK AND TRUST CO OK 16,448 1,390 8.5% 6,644 478%
11 INDEPENDENT BANK DBA INDEPENDE TX 18,576 2,274 12.2% 10,388 457%
12 FARMERS AND MERCHANTS BANK OF CA 12,017 1,371 11.4% 6,234 455%
13 APPLE BANK NY 17,067 1,510 8.9% 6,815 451%
14 BERKSHIRE BANK MA 11,599 1,122 9.7% 5,001 446%
15 FIRSTBANK CO 27,333 1,613 5.9% 7,171 445%
16 VALLEY NATIONAL BANK NJ 62,089 7,471 12.0% 33,058 442%
17 COLUMBIA BANK NJ 10,414 998 9.6% 4,394 440%
18 AMERANT BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIA FL 10,335 936 9.1% 4,093 437%
19 CITY NATIONAL BANK OF FLORIDA FL 26,189 2,567 9.8% 10,951 427%
20 SYNOVUS BANK GA 59,463 5,283 8.9% 21,596 409%
21 BANK OF HOPE CA 17,350 2,248 13.0% 9,150 407%
22 ISRAEL DISCOUNT BANK OF NEW YO NY 13,219 1,292 9.8% 5,241 406%
23 WASHINGTON TRUST BANK WA 11,053 891 8.1% 3,595 404%
24 BREMER BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIAT MN 16,149 1,422 8.8% 5,727 403%
25 BELL BANK ND 13,899 1,338 9.6% 5,356 400%
26 ZIONS BANCORPORATION, NATIONAL UT 87,032 6,386 7.3% 25,422 398%
27 BANC OF CALIFORNIA CA 33,345 3,918 11.8% 15,536 397%
28 SANDY SPRING BANK MD 14,379 1,879 13.1% 7,402 394%
29 BANNER BANK WA 16,200 1,839 11.3% 7,197 391%
30 POPULAR BANK NY 14,305 1,977 13.8% 7,562 382%
31 OCEANFIRST BANK, NATIONAL ASSO NJ 13,386 1,691 12.6% 6,456 382%
32 TRUSTMARK NATIONAL BANK MS 18,478 2,085 11.3% 7,958 382%
33 AXOS BANK CA 22,890 2,334 10.2% 8,782 376%
34 WASHINGTON FEDERAL BANK WA 28,050 3,010 10.7% 11,118 369%
35 UMPQUA BANK OR 51,904 5,626 10.8% 20,640 367%
36 ENTERPRISE BANK & TRUST MO 14,924 1,833 12.3% 6,539 357%
37 FULTON BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIAT PA 32,060 3,357 10.5% 11,569 345%
38 TOWNEBANK VA 17,188 2,146 12.5% 7,371 343%
39 STELLAR BANK TX 10,617 1,625 15.3% 5,568 343%
40 CATHAY BANK CA 23,253 2,892 12.4% 9,744 337%
41 ATLANTIC UNION BANK VA 24,686 3,511 14.2% 11,813 336%
42 FIRST BANK NC 12,159 1,554 12.8% 5,227 336%
43 UMB BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION MO 47,230 3,572 7.6% 11,710 328%
44 SIMMONS BANK AR 27,233 3,581 13.2% 11,631 325%
45 FIRST INTERSTATE BANK MT 29,532 3,322 11.3% 10,765 324%
46 CENTRAL TRUST BANK, THE MO 18,578 1,767 9.5% 5,702 323%
47 GLACIER BANK MT 28,188 3,238 11.5% 10,443 322%
48 PLAINSCAPITAL BANK TX 13,239 1,478 11.2% 4,726 320%
49 PACIFIC PREMIER BANK CA 17,906 3,161 17.7% 10,100 320%
50 VERITEX COMMUNITY BANK TX 12,993 1,767 13.6% 5,617 318%
51 FIRSTBANK TN 12,902 1,557 12.1% 4,894 314%
52 CITIZENS BUSINESS BANK CA 15,411 2,181 14.2% 6,832 313%
53 HTLF BANK CO 18,205 2,142 11.8% 6,661 311%
54 OLD NATIONAL BANK IN 53,307 6,208 11.6% 19,012 306%
55 EAST WEST BANK CA 74,349 7,227 9.7% 22,000 304%
56 WILMINGTON SAVINGS FUND SOCIET DE 20,808 2,576 12.4% 7,818 303%
57 CUSTOMERS BANK PA 21,473 1,829 8.5% 5,484 300%
58 SOUTHSTATE BANK, N.A. FL 46,072 6,177 13.4% 18,519 300%
59 COMERICA BANK TX 79,753 6,954 8.7% 20,849 300%
60 WESBANCO BANK, INC. WV 18,476 2,660 14.4% 7,953 299%
61 ARVEST BANK AR 26,691 2,086 7.8% 6,149 295%
62 BANK OF HAWAII HI 23,768 1,540 6.5% 4,499 292%
63 UNITED COMMUNITY BANK SC 27,304 3,280 12.0% 9,578 292%
64 ROCKLAND TRUST COMPANY MA 19,416 2,972 15.3% 8,552 288%
65 FIRST HORIZON BANK TN 82,363 9,033 11.0% 25,970 288%
66 RENASANT BANK MS 17,961 2,678 14.9% 7,664 286%
67 UNITED BANK VA 29,769 5,005 16.8% 14,311 286%
68 PINNACLE BANK TN 50,562 6,437 12.7% 18,406 286%
69 FIRST COMMONWEALTH BANK PA 11,953 1,371 11.5% 3,900 285%
70 AMERIS BANK GA 26,308 3,800 14.4% 10,776 284%
71 MIDFIRST BANK OK 39,033 3,525 9.0% 9,820 279%
72 BANCFIRST OK 11,092 1,206 10.9% 3,332 276%
73 WESTERN ALLIANCE BANK AZ 79,938 6,881 8.6% 18,966 276%
74 FROST BANK Tx 51,060 4,075 8.0% 11,220 275%
75 TRISTATE CAPITAL BANK PA 20,672 1,391 6.7% 3,816 274%
76 CADENCE BANK MS 49,205 5,573 11.3% 15,100 271%
77 NBT BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION NY 13,735 1,496 10.9% 4,025 269%
78 COMMUNITY BANK, NATIONAL ASSOC NY 16,152 1,381 8.6% 3,630 263%
79 ASSOCIATED BANK, NATIONAL ASSO WI 42,161 4,252 10.1% 11,170 263%
80 BUSEY BANK IL 11,950 1,609 13.5% 4,202 261%
81 BOKF, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OK 49,908 5,255 10.5% 13,693 261%
82 BANKUNITED, NATIONAL ASSOCIATI FL 35,758 3,259 9.1% 8,464 260%
83 WEBSTER BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIA CT 79,376 9,563 12.0% 24,441 256%
84 SEACOAST NATIONAL BANK FL 15,159 2,191 14.5% 5,587 255%
85 EASTERN BANK MA 25,493 3,478 13.6% 8,861 255%
86 CENTENNIAL BANK AR 22,747 3,812 16.8% 9,705 255%
87 DOLLAR BANK, FEDERAL SAVINGS B PA 11,654 1,166 10.0% 2,777 238%
88 HANCOCK WHITNEY BANK MS 35,214 4,055 11.5% 9,370 231%
89 FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF OMAHA NE 31,860 3,150 9.9% 7,239 230%
90 FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF PENNSYL PA 47,767 6,163 12.9% 13,760 223%
91 FIRST HAWAIIAN BANK HI 23,781 2,634 11.1% 5,875 223%
92 MECHANICS BANK CA 16,606 2,299 13.8% 5,100 222%
93 OPTUM BANK, INC. UT 18,181 2,154 11.8% 4,721 219%
94 COMMERCE BANK MO 31,340 2,794 8.9% 5,852 209%
95 FIRST FINANCIAL BANK OH 18,072 2,449 13.5% 5,060 207%
96 TEXAS CAPITAL BANK TX 31,489 3,577 11.4% 7,312 204%
97 FIRST MERCHANTS BANK IN 18,336 2,304 12.6% 4,692 204%
98 NORTHWEST BANK PA 14,410 1,583 11.0% 3,179 201%
99 STIFEL BANK AND TRUST MO 18,849 1,308 6.9% 2,604 199%
100 FIRST FINANCIAL BANK TX 13,528 1,513 11.2% 2,968 196%
101 FIRST-CITIZENS BANK & TRUST CO NC 220,383 21,996 10.0% 42,986 195%
102 FIRSTBANK PUERTO RICO PR 18,852 1,777 9.4% 3,441 194%
103 EVERBANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FL 39,856 3,646 9.1% 6,892 189%
104 CIBC BANK USA IL 58,902 9,973 16.9% 18,302 184%
105 SANTANDER BANK, NATIONAL ASSOC DE 101,733 12,567 12.4% 22,800 181%
106 BANCO POPULAR DE PUERTO RICO PR 56,768 3,311 5.8% 5,689 172%
107 CITY NATIONAL BANK CA 92,111 11,042 12.0% 16,939 153%
108 NEXBANK TX 13,809 1,319 9.6% 1,969 149%
109 MANUFACTURERS AND TRADERS TRUS NY 211,332 27,985 13.2% 40,159 143%
110 RAYMOND JAMES BANK FL 41,637 2,984 7.2% 4,103 137%
111 CITIZENS BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCI RI 219,536 24,688 11.2% 33,489 136%
112 PROSPERITY BANK TX 40,114 7,343 18.3% 9,204 125%
113 KEYBANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OH 187,221 16,350 8.7% 20,194 124%
114 ORIENTAL BANK PR 11,347 1,223 10.8% 1,418 116%
115 HUNTINGTON NATIONAL BANK, THE OH 199,222 18,377 9.2% 20,208 110%
116 REGIONS BANK AL 156,385 17,642 11.3% 16,391 93%
117 PNC BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION DE 559,700 54,272 9.7% 48,714 90%
118 TRUIST BANK NC 515,224 63,552 12.3% 55,472 87%
119 BMO BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION IL 264,330 35,440 13.4% 30,934 87%
120 WELLS FARGO BANK, NATIONAL ASS SD 1,698,675 170,296 10.0% 145,479 85%
121 FIFTH THIRD BANK, NATIONAL ASS OH 213,583 23,025 10.8% 19,665 85%
122 U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OH 670,008 64,279 9.6% 51,156 80%
123 TD BANK, N.A. DE 399,881 47,117 11.8% 35,213 75%
124 SAFRA NATIONAL BANK OF NEW YOR NY 10,376 1,280 12.3% 937 73%
125 NORTHERN TRUST COMPANY, THE IL 155,219 11,390 7.3% 6,629 58%
126 JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, NATIONAL OH 3,584,105 317,746 8.9% 174,848 55%
127 CAPITAL ONE, NATIONAL ASSOCIAT VA 483,857 59,130 12.2% 29,990 51%
128 DEUTSCHE BANK TRUST COMPANY AM NY 39,861 9,731 24.4% 4,501 46%
129 ALLY BANK UT 182,176 14,671 8.1% 6,486 44%
130 MORGAN STANLEY PRIVATE BANK, N NY 210,223 17,603 8.4% 7,279 41%
131 BEAL BANK USA NV 17,513 3,465 19.8% 1,423 41%
132 MORGAN STANLEY BANK, N.A. UT 224,864 24,756 11.0% 9,753 39%
133 LENDINGCLUB BANK, NATIONAL ASS UT 10,848 1,140 10.5% 443 39%
134 BANK OF AMERICA, NATIONAL ASSO NC 2,565,878 243,688 9.5% 84,664 35%
135 HSBC BANK USA, NATIONAL ASSOCI VA 163,226 15,878 9.7% 4,794 30%
136 UBS BANK USA UT 110,815 9,188 8.3% 2,284 25%
137 GOLDMAN SACHS BANK USA NY 564,359 61,328 10.9% 12,772 21%
138 BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON, THE NY 348,079 28,578 8.2% 5,914 21%
139 BNY MELLON, NATIONAL ASSOCIATI PA 29,937 3,644 12.2% 702 19%
140 CITIBANK, N.A. SD 1,733,111 170,533 9.8% 29,105 17%
141 STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST CO MA 334,336 27,317 8.2% 2,882 11%
142 STIFEL BANK MO 10,462 706 6.7% 57 8%
143 TD BANK USA, NATIONAL ASSOCIAT DE 34,219 4,142 12.1% 173 4%
144 SOFI BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATIO UT 29,265 4,213 14.4% 143 3%
145 BMW BANK OF NORTH AMERICA UT 11,944 1,776 14.9% 43 2%
146 SALLIE MAE BANK UT 29,941 2,726 9.1% 55 2%
147 SYNCHRONY BANK UT 111,840 13,640 12.2% 64 0%
148 THIRD FEDERAL SAVINGS & LOAN A OH 17,078 1,693 9.9% 3 0%
149 BARCLAYS BANK DELAWARE DE 41,250 5,778 14.0% 8 0%
150 USAA FEDERAL SAVINGS BANK AZ 110,323 4,369 4.0% 1 0%
151 DISCOVER BANK DE 149,314 14,693 9.8% 0 0%
152 WELLS FARGO NATIONAL BANK WEST NV 10,344 1,427 13.8% 0 0%
153 AMERICAN EXPRESS NATIONAL BANK UT 192,154 17,557 9.1% 0 0%
154 BANK OF AMERICA CALIFORNIA, NA CA 16,200 1,774 11.0% 0 0%
155 CHARLES SCHWAB PREMIER BANK, S TX 25,776 2,040 7.9% 0 0%
156 CHARLES SCHWAB BANK, SSB TX 272,674 19,606 7.2% 0 0%
157 COMENITY CAPITAL BANK UT 12,590 1,857 14.8% 0 0%
158 AMERIPRISE BANK, FSB MN 23,205 1,374 5.9% 0

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