U.S. Banks’ Exposure to Risk from Commercial Real Estate Screener
Many financial experts in the banking industry have warned about future losses on commercial real estate (CRE) mortgages as hundreds of billions of dollars in loans reprice in a high-rate environment over the coming year.
As most CRE mortgages are five-year balloon mortgages, many of these loans that originated in a lower rate environment in 2019 are currently rolling over and need refinancing this year when rates are well above 7%. The same concern carries over in 2025 for CRE loans originated in 2020, as well as 2026 for CRE loans originated in 2021.
The imminent refinancing of loans, combined with more commercial properties selling at a discount relative to pre-pandemic values, has exposed vulnerabilities in the banking system not only to commercial real estate mortgages, but also to commercial real estate construction loans and unused commitments to fund commercial real estate mortgages and loans.
The U.S. Banks’ Exposure to Risk from Commercial Real Estate screener evaluates 155 of the largest banks in America out of over 4,000 existing banks to track their exposure to commercial real estate. Using publicly available quarterly data from the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council Central Data Repository, we calculate each bank’s total CRE exposure (the sum of CRE nonfarm-nonresidential mortgages, multifamily mortgages, CRE construction loans and unused CRE commitments) as a percentage of the bank’s total equity.
We use this ratio as a broad measure of bank exposure to commercial real estate. A variation of this ratio is often used by banking regulators to assess CRE exposures. Any ratio over 300% is viewed as excessive exposure to CRE, which puts the bank at greater risk of failure.
This ongoing, quarterly project is produced by The Banking Initiative at Florida Atlantic University sponsored by Executive Education.
Obs | Name | ST | Total Assets (Millions) | Total Equity (Millions) | Equity to Assets | CRE Total (Millions) | CRE Total to Equity |
1 | EAGLEBANK | MD | 11,248 | 1,165 | 10.4% | 7,207 | 618.6% |
2 | DIME COMMUNITY BANK | NY | 13,534 | 1,476 | 10.9% | 9,123 | 618.0% |
3 | BANK OZK | AR | 36,836 | 5,408 | 14.7% | 32,273 | 596.8% |
4 | FIRST FOUNDATION BANK | CA | 13,684 | 1,080 | 7.9% | 6,324 | 585.7% |
5 | MERCHANTS BANK OF INDIANA | IN | 18,185 | 1,882 | 10.4% | 10,529 | 559.5% |
6 | FLAGSTAR BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCI | NY | 118,994 | 8,993 | 7.6% | 49,825 | 554.0% |
7 | SERVISFIRST BANK | AL | 16,049 | 1,566 | 9.8% | 8,619 | 550.2% |
8 | LIVE OAK BANKING COMPANY | NC | 11,787 | 927 | 7.9% | 5,010 | 540.7% |
9 | PROVIDENT BANK | NJ | 24,052 | 2,881 | 12.0% | 14,880 | 516.5% |
10 | FIRSTBANK | CO | 27,337 | 1,474 | 5.4% | 7,232 | 490.8% |
11 | INDEPENDENT BANK DBA INDEPENDE | TX | 18,355 | 2,222 | 12.1% | 10,535 | 474.2% |
12 | FIRST UNITED BANK AND TRUST CO | OK | 16,428 | 1,380 | 8.4% | 6,460 | 468.2% |
13 | FARMERS AND MERCHANTS BANK OF | CA | 12,193 | 1,361 | 11.2% | 6,350 | 466.7% |
14 | APPLE BANK | NY | 17,020 | 1,465 | 8.6% | 6,811 | 464.8% |
15 | VALLEY NATIONAL BANK | NJ | 62,050 | 7,302 | 11.8% | 33,756 | 462.3% |
16 | BERKSHIRE BANK | MA | 12,214 | 1,055 | 8.6% | 4,853 | 459.8% |
17 | COLUMBIA BANK | NJ | 10,466 | 967 | 9.2% | 4,359 | 450.6% |
18 | CITY NATIONAL BANK OF FLORIDA | FL | 26,204 | 2,407 | 9.2% | 10,578 | 439.5% |
19 | SYNOVUS BANK | GA | 59,480 | 4,932 | 8.3% | 21,458 | 435.1% |
20 | BREMER BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIAT | MN | 16,208 | 1,348 | 8.3% | 5,771 | 428.1% |
21 | ZIONS BANCORPORATION, NATIONAL | UT | 87,606 | 6,025 | 6.9% | 25,313 | 420.2% |
22 | BANK OF HOPE | CA | 17,370 | 2,190 | 12.6% | 9,177 | 419.1% |
23 | BANC OF CALIFORNIA | CA | 35,160 | 3,832 | 10.9% | 15,857 | 413.8% |
24 | BELL BANK | ND | 13,930 | 1,320 | 9.5% | 5,460 | 413.5% |
25 | BANNER BANK | WA | 15,817 | 1,741 | 11.0% | 7,096 | 407.6% |
26 | SANDY SPRING BANK | MD | 14,002 | 1,842 | 13.2% | 7,506 | 407.4% |
27 | TRUSTMARK NATIONAL BANK | MS | 18,450 | 1,986 | 10.8% | 8,049 | 405.3% |
28 | ISRAEL DISCOUNT BANK OF NEW YO | NY | 12,276 | 1,246 | 10.1% | 5,040 | 404.6% |
29 | WASHINGTON TRUST BANK | WA | 10,789 | 876 | 8.1% | 3,525 | 402.2% |
30 | AXOS BANK | CA | 22,143 | 2,242 | 10.1% | 8,915 | 397.7% |
31 | POPULAR BANK | NY | 14,287 | 1,933 | 13.5% | 7,646 | 395.7% |
32 | UMPQUA BANK | OR | 52,043 | 5,335 | 10.3% | 20,854 | 390.9% |
33 | OCEANFIRST BANK, NATIONAL ASSO | NJ | 13,211 | 1,669 | 12.6% | 6,441 | 385.9% |
34 | WASHINGTON FEDERAL BANK | WA | 28,564 | 2,996 | 10.5% | 11,163 | 372.6% |
35 | COMERICA BANK | TX | 79,611 | 5,652 | 7.1% | 20,986 | 371.3% |
36 | ENTERPRISE BANK & TRUST | MO | 14,587 | 1,763 | 12.1% | 6,468 | 366.8% |
37 | FIRST BANK | NC | 12,061 | 1,484 | 12.3% | 5,334 | 359.5% |
38 | FULTON BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIAT | PA | 31,646 | 3,217 | 10.2% | 11,558 | 359.3% |
39 | TOWNEBANK | VA | 17,069 | 2,073 | 12.1% | 7,380 | 356.1% |
40 | ATLANTIC UNION BANK | VA | 24,642 | 3,370 | 13.7% | 11,966 | 355.1% |
41 | STELLAR BANK | TX | 10,711 | 1,576 | 14.7% | 5,569 | 353.4% |
42 | UMB BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION | MO | 44,202 | 3,256 | 7.4% | 11,427 | 350.9% |
43 | CENTRAL TRUST BANK, THE | MO | 18,645 | 1,660 | 8.9% | 5,804 | 349.7% |
44 | FIRST INTERSTATE BANK | MT | 30,218 | 3,176 | 10.5% | 10,908 | 343.5% |
45 | CATHAY BANK | CA | 23,218 | 2,857 | 12.3% | 9,736 | 340.8% |
46 | VERITEX COMMUNITY BANK | TX | 12,645 | 1,700 | 13.4% | 5,758 | 338.8% |
47 | HTLF BANK | CO | 18,739 | 2,071 | 11.0% | 6,915 | 334.0% |
48 | GLACIER BANK | MT | 27,785 | 3,135 | 11.3% | 10,459 | 333.7% |
49 | SIMMONS BANK | AR | 27,328 | 3,503 | 12.8% | 11,638 | 332.2% |
50 | CITIZENS BUSINESS BANK | CA | 16,159 | 2,097 | 13.0% | 6,946 | 331.3% |
51 | FIRSTBANK | TN | 12,517 | 1,495 | 11.9% | 4,894 | 327.3% |
52 | WILMINGTON SAVINGS FUND SOCIET | DE | 20,648 | 2,368 | 11.5% | 7,693 | 324.9% |
53 | PACIFIC PREMIER BANK | CA | 18,323 | 3,196 | 17.4% | 10,305 | 322.4% |
54 | EAST WEST BANK | CA | 72,335 | 6,833 | 9.4% | 21,956 | 321.3% |
55 | OLD NATIONAL BANK | IN | 52,825 | 5,931 | 11.2% | 18,743 | 316.0% |
56 | SOUTHSTATE BANK, N.A. | FL | 45,481 | 5,935 | 13.1% | 18,566 | 312.8% |
57 | PLAINSCAPITAL BANK | TX | 12,734 | 1,577 | 12.4% | 4,903 | 310.9% |
58 | ARVEST BANK | AR | 26,283 | 1,918 | 7.3% | 5,890 | 307.1% |
59 | FROST BANK | Tx | 48,915 | 3,607 | 7.4% | 11,059 | 306.6% |
60 | WESBANCO BANK, INC. | WV | 18,095 | 2,586 | 14.3% | 7,898 | 305.4% |
61 | CUSTOMERS BANK | PA | 20,957 | 1,796 | 8.6% | 5,461 | 304.0% |
62 | PINNACLE BANK | TN | 49,227 | 6,271 | 12.7% | 18,898 | 301.3% |
63 | UNITED COMMUNITY BANK | SC | 26,999 | 3,240 | 12.0% | 9,710 | 299.7% |
64 | FIRST COMMONWEALTH BANK | PA | 11,597 | 1,323 | 11.4% | 3,962 | 299.5% |
65 | BANK OF HAWAII | HI | 23,270 | 1,486 | 6.4% | 4,409 | 296.6% |
66 | ROCKLAND TRUST COMPANY | MA | 19,414 | 2,934 | 15.1% | 8,670 | 295.5% |
67 | FIRST HORIZON BANK | TN | 81,935 | 8,850 | 10.8% | 26,144 | 295.4% |
68 | RENASANT BANK | MS | 17,511 | 2,594 | 14.8% | 7,613 | 293.5% |
69 | AMERIS BANK | GA | 26,429 | 3,719 | 14.1% | 10,879 | 292.5% |
70 | UNITED BANK | VA | 29,868 | 4,898 | 16.4% | 14,311 | 292.2% |
71 | WESTERN ALLIANCE BANK | AZ | 80,470 | 6,543 | 8.1% | 19,028 | 290.8% |
72 | TRISTATE CAPITAL BANK | PA | 19,680 | 1,306 | 6.6% | 3,731 | 285.7% |
73 | CADENCE BANK | MS | 47,984 | 5,288 | 11.0% | 14,951 | 282.7% |
74 | BANCFIRST | OK | 10,722 | 1,178 | 11.0% | 3,314 | 281.3% |
75 | BOKF, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION | OK | 50,195 | 4,891 | 9.7% | 13,642 | 278.9% |
76 | BUSEY BANK | IL | 11,936 | 1,546 | 13.0% | 4,274 | 276.5% |
77 | COMMUNITY BANK, NATIONAL ASSOC | NY | 15,654 | 1,284 | 8.2% | 3,500 | 272.5% |
78 | NBT BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION | NY | 13,404 | 1,447 | 10.8% | 3,930 | 271.5% |
79 | WEBSTER BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIA | CT | 76,761 | 9,194 | 12.0% | 24,895 | 270.8% |
80 | BANKUNITED, NATIONAL ASSOCIATI | FL | 35,402 | 3,177 | 9.0% | 8,457 | 266.2% |
81 | ASSOCIATED BANK, NATIONAL ASSO | WI | 41,573 | 4,151 | 10.0% | 10,919 | 263.0% |
82 | MIDFIRST BANK | OK | 37,930 | 3,797 | 10.0% | 9,914 | 261.1% |
83 | OPTUM BANK, INC. | UT | 17,080 | 1,781 | 10.4% | 4,624 | 259.6% |
84 | CENTENNIAL BANK | AR | 22,845 | 3,722 | 16.3% | 9,631 | 258.7% |
85 | SEACOAST NATIONAL BANK | FL | 14,943 | 2,129 | 14.2% | 5,387 | 253.0% |
86 | HANCOCK WHITNEY BANK | MS | 35,392 | 3,809 | 10.8% | 9,556 | 250.9% |
87 | EASTERN BANK | MA | 21,028 | 2,824 | 13.4% | 6,970 | 246.8% |
88 | FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF OMAHA | NE | 31,497 | 2,973 | 9.4% | 7,321 | 246.2% |
89 | DOLLAR BANK, FEDERAL SAVINGS B | PA | 11,502 | 1,109 | 9.6% | 2,727 | 245.9% |
90 | COMMERCE BANK | MO | 30,345 | 2,489 | 8.2% | 6,013 | 241.5% |
91 | FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF PENNSYL | PA | 47,578 | 6,031 | 12.7% | 13,956 | 231.4% |
92 | MECHANICS BANK | CA | 17,327 | 2,244 | 13.0% | 5,158 | 229.8% |
93 | FIRST HAWAIIAN BANK | HI | 23,993 | 2,538 | 10.6% | 5,758 | 226.9% |
94 | TEXAS CAPITAL BANK | TX | 29,734 | 3,388 | 11.4% | 7,622 | 225.0% |
95 | FIRST FINANCIAL BANK | OH | 18,093 | 2,348 | 13.0% | 5,158 | 219.7% |
96 | FIRST FINANCIAL BANK | TX | 13,091 | 1,361 | 10.4% | 2,985 | 219.4% |
97 | FIRST MERCHANTS BANK | IN | 18,292 | 2,237 | 12.2% | 4,786 | 214.0% |
98 | FIRSTBANK PUERTO RICO | PR | 18,873 | 1,618 | 8.6% | 3,436 | 212.4% |
99 | NORTHWEST BANK | PA | 14,427 | 1,546 | 10.7% | 3,215 | 208.0% |
100 | STIFEL BANK AND TRUST | MO | 18,028 | 1,263 | 7.0% | 2,513 | 198.9% |
101 | SANTANDER BANK, NATIONAL ASSOC | DE | 100,562 | 12,206 | 12.1% | 23,230 | 190.3% |
102 | FIRST-CITIZENS BANK & TRUST CO | NC | 219,685 | 22,165 | 10.1% | 41,333 | 186.5% |
103 | EVERBANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION | FL | 39,446 | 3,597 | 9.1% | 6,638 | 184.6% |
104 | BANCO POPULAR DE PUERTO RICO | PR | 58,314 | 2,999 | 5.1% | 5,466 | 182.3% |
105 | CIBC BANK USA | IL | 55,874 | 9,645 | 17.3% | 17,544 | 181.9% |
106 | NEXBANK | TX | 15,256 | 1,314 | 8.6% | 2,220 | 169.0% |
107 | CITY NATIONAL BANK | CA | 92,245 | 10,789 | 11.7% | 17,321 | 160.5% |
108 | MANUFACTURERS AND TRADERS TRUS | NY | 208,378 | 26,712 | 12.8% | 41,365 | 154.9% |
109 | CITIZENS BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCI | RI | 219,634 | 23,172 | 10.6% | 34,083 | 147.1% |
110 | RAYMOND JAMES BANK | FL | 40,812 | 2,828 | 6.9% | 4,154 | 146.9% |
111 | KEYBANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION | OH | 184,963 | 15,047 | 8.1% | 20,437 | 135.8% |
112 | PROSPERITY BANK | TX | 39,759 | 7,261 | 18.3% | 9,334 | 128.5% |
113 | ORIENTAL BANK | PR | 11,154 | 1,143 | 10.3% | 1,430 | 125.0% |
114 | HUNTINGTON NATIONAL BANK, THE | OH | 195,864 | 17,506 | 8.9% | 20,423 | 116.7% |
115 | REGIONS BANK | AL | 153,039 | 16,042 | 10.5% | 16,376 | 102.1% |
116 | PNC BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION | DE | 552,530 | 51,368 | 9.3% | 50,102 | 97.5% |
117 | BMO BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION | IL | 261,999 | 33,221 | 12.7% | 31,366 | 94.4% |
118 | TRUIST BANK | NC | 511,931 | 61,931 | 12.1% | 57,777 | 93.3% |
119 | FIFTH THIRD BANK, NATIONAL ASS | OH | 212,484 | 21,380 | 10.1% | 19,576 | 91.6% |
120 | WELLS FARGO BANK, NATIONAL ASS | SD | 1,719,839 | 165,821 | 9.6% | 150,510 | 90.8% |
121 | U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION | OH | 664,924 | 62,160 | 9.3% | 52,867 | 85.1% |
122 | TD BANK, N.A. | DE | 370,332 | 47,358 | 12.8% | 34,899 | 73.7% |
123 | CAPITAL ONE, NATIONAL ASSOCIAT | VA | 477,304 | 53,814 | 11.3% | 31,230 | 58.0% |
124 | JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, NATIONAL | OH | 3,510,536 | 314,186 | 9.0% | 175,590 | 55.9% |
125 | NORTHERN TRUST COMPANY, THE | IL | 156,265 | 11,886 | 7.6% | 6,640 | 55.9% |
126 | DEUTSCHE BANK TRUST COMPANY AM | NY | 40,591 | 9,886 | 24.4% | 4,850 | 49.1% |
127 | MORGAN STANLEY BANK, N.A. | UT | 211,521 | 23,234 | 11.0% | 10,678 | 46.0% |
128 | ALLY BANK | UT | 181,969 | 14,180 | 7.8% | 6,400 | 45.1% |
129 | MORGAN STANLEY PRIVATE BANK, N | NY | 207,569 | 16,970 | 8.2% | 7,208 | 42.5% |
130 | BEAL BANK USA | NV | 17,500 | 3,763 | 21.5% | 1,445 | 38.4% |
131 | BANK OF AMERICA, NATIONAL ASSO | NC | 2,550,584 | 239,356 | 9.4% | 84,163 | 35.2% |
132 | STIFEL BANK | MO | 10,477 | 672 | 6.4% | 226 | 33.7% |
133 | HSBC BANK USA, NATIONAL ASSOCI | VA | 159,048 | 15,846 | 10.0% | 4,436 | 28.0% |
134 | UBS BANK USA | UT | 109,624 | 9,549 | 8.7% | 2,299 | 24.1% |
135 | GOLDMAN SACHS BANK USA | NY | 543,888 | 59,476 | 10.9% | 13,403 | 22.5% |
136 | BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON, THE | NY | 351,806 | 27,562 | 7.8% | 5,899 | 21.4% |
137 | BNY MELLON, NATIONAL ASSOCIATI | PA | 30,917 | 3,675 | 11.9% | 709 | 19.3% |
138 | CITIBANK, N.A. | SD | 1,678,936 | 166,088 | 9.9% | 29,451 | 17.7% |
139 | STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST CO | MA | 321,473 | 26,618 | 8.3% | 2,884 | 10.8% |
140 | TD BANK USA, NATIONAL ASSOCIAT | DE | 33,691 | 4,250 | 12.6% | 168 | 4.0% |
141 | SOFI BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATIO | UT | 27,361 | 3,805 | 13.9% | 144 | 3.8% |
142 | BMW BANK OF NORTH AMERICA | UT | 12,113 | 1,703 | 14.1% | 44 | 2.6% |
143 | SALLIE MAE BANK | UT | 28,731 | 2,835 | 9.9% | 56 | 2.0% |
144 | SYNCHRONY BANK | UT | 112,875 | 13,101 | 11.6% | 52 | 0.4% |
145 | THIRD FEDERAL SAVINGS & LOAN A | OH | 17,023 | 1,732 | 10.2% | 3 | 0.2% |
146 | BARCLAYS BANK DELAWARE | DE | 40,173 | 5,275 | 13.1% | 8 | 0.2% |
147 | USAA FEDERAL SAVINGS BANK | AZ | 111,712 | 3,717 | 3.3% | 1 | 0.0% |
148 | DISCOVER BANK | DE | 148,660 | 14,488 | 9.7% | 0 | 0.0% |
149 | WELLS FARGO NATIONAL BANK WEST | NV | 12,012 | 1,472 | 12.3% | 0 | 0.0% |
150 | AMERICAN EXPRESS NATIONAL BANK | UT | 192,276 | 17,189 | 8.9% | 0 | 0.0% |
151 | BANK OF AMERICA CALIFORNIA, NA | CA | 15,007 | 1,767 | 11.8% | 0 | 0.0% |
152 | CHARLES SCHWAB PREMIER BANK, S | TX | 25,492 | 1,848 | 7.2% | 0 | 0.0% |
153 | CHARLES SCHWAB BANK, SSB | TX | 273,816 | 17,384 | 6.3% | 0 | 0.0% |
154 | COMENITY CAPITAL BANK | UT | 12,674 | 2,015 | 15.9% | 0 | 0.0% |
155 | AMERIPRISE BANK, FSB | MN | 22,658 | 1,034 | 4.6% | 0 | 0.0% |