FLORIDA ATLANTIC UNIVERSITY®

U.S. Banks’ Exposure to Risk from Commercial Real Estate Screener

Home Bank Exposures Commercial Real Estate Unrealized Losses on Investment Securities Screener Uninsured Deposits

Many financial experts in the banking industry have warned about future losses on commercial real estate (CRE) mortgages as hundreds of billions of dollars in loans reprice in a high-rate environment over the coming year.

As most CRE mortgages are five-year balloon mortgages, many of these loans that originated in a lower rate environment in 2019 are currently rolling over and need refinancing this year when rates are well above 7%. The same concern carries over in 2025 for CRE loans originated in 2020, as well as 2026 for CRE loans originated in 2021.

The imminent refinancing of loans, combined with more commercial properties selling at a discount relative to pre-pandemic values, has exposed vulnerabilities in the banking system not only to commercial real estate mortgages, but also to commercial real estate construction loans and unused commitments to fund commercial real estate mortgages and loans.

The U.S. Banks’ Exposure to Risk from Commercial Real Estate screener evaluates 155 of the largest banks in America out of over 4,000 existing banks to track their exposure to commercial real estate. Using publicly available quarterly data from the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council Central Data Repository, we calculate each bank’s total CRE exposure (the sum of CRE nonfarm-nonresidential mortgages, multifamily mortgages, CRE construction loans and unused CRE commitments) as a percentage of the bank’s total equity.

We use this ratio as a broad measure of bank exposure to commercial real estate. A variation of this ratio is often used by banking regulators to assess CRE exposures. Any ratio over 300% is viewed as excessive exposure to CRE, which puts the bank at greater risk of failure.

This ongoing, quarterly project is produced by The Banking Initiative at Florida Atlantic University sponsored by Executive Education.

Obs Name ST Total Assets (Millions) Total Equity (Millions) Equity to Assets CRE Total (Millions) CRE Total to Equity
1 EAGLEBANK MD 11,248 1,165 10.4% 7,207 618.6%
2 DIME COMMUNITY BANK NY 13,534 1,476 10.9% 9,123 618.0%
3 BANK OZK AR 36,836 5,408 14.7% 32,273 596.8%
4 FIRST FOUNDATION BANK CA 13,684 1,080 7.9% 6,324 585.7%
5 MERCHANTS BANK OF INDIANA IN 18,185 1,882 10.4% 10,529 559.5%
6 FLAGSTAR BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCI NY 118,994 8,993 7.6% 49,825 554.0%
7 SERVISFIRST BANK AL 16,049 1,566 9.8% 8,619 550.2%
8 LIVE OAK BANKING COMPANY NC 11,787 927 7.9% 5,010 540.7%
9 PROVIDENT BANK NJ 24,052 2,881 12.0% 14,880 516.5%
10 FIRSTBANK CO 27,337 1,474 5.4% 7,232 490.8%
11 INDEPENDENT BANK DBA INDEPENDE TX 18,355 2,222 12.1% 10,535 474.2%
12 FIRST UNITED BANK AND TRUST CO OK 16,428 1,380 8.4% 6,460 468.2%
13 FARMERS AND MERCHANTS BANK OF CA 12,193 1,361 11.2% 6,350 466.7%
14 APPLE BANK NY 17,020 1,465 8.6% 6,811 464.8%
15 VALLEY NATIONAL BANK NJ 62,050 7,302 11.8% 33,756 462.3%
16 BERKSHIRE BANK MA 12,214 1,055 8.6% 4,853 459.8%
17 COLUMBIA BANK NJ 10,466 967 9.2% 4,359 450.6%
18 CITY NATIONAL BANK OF FLORIDA FL 26,204 2,407 9.2% 10,578 439.5%
19 SYNOVUS BANK GA 59,480 4,932 8.3% 21,458 435.1%
20 BREMER BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIAT MN 16,208 1,348 8.3% 5,771 428.1%
21 ZIONS BANCORPORATION, NATIONAL UT 87,606 6,025 6.9% 25,313 420.2%
22 BANK OF HOPE CA 17,370 2,190 12.6% 9,177 419.1%
23 BANC OF CALIFORNIA CA 35,160 3,832 10.9% 15,857 413.8%
24 BELL BANK ND 13,930 1,320 9.5% 5,460 413.5%
25 BANNER BANK WA 15,817 1,741 11.0% 7,096 407.6%
26 SANDY SPRING BANK MD 14,002 1,842 13.2% 7,506 407.4%
27 TRUSTMARK NATIONAL BANK MS 18,450 1,986 10.8% 8,049 405.3%
28 ISRAEL DISCOUNT BANK OF NEW YO NY 12,276 1,246 10.1% 5,040 404.6%
29 WASHINGTON TRUST BANK WA 10,789 876 8.1% 3,525 402.2%
30 AXOS BANK CA 22,143 2,242 10.1% 8,915 397.7%
31 POPULAR BANK NY 14,287 1,933 13.5% 7,646 395.7%
32 UMPQUA BANK OR 52,043 5,335 10.3% 20,854 390.9%
33 OCEANFIRST BANK, NATIONAL ASSO NJ 13,211 1,669 12.6% 6,441 385.9%
34 WASHINGTON FEDERAL BANK WA 28,564 2,996 10.5% 11,163 372.6%
35 COMERICA BANK TX 79,611 5,652 7.1% 20,986 371.3%
36 ENTERPRISE BANK & TRUST MO 14,587 1,763 12.1% 6,468 366.8%
37 FIRST BANK NC 12,061 1,484 12.3% 5,334 359.5%
38 FULTON BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIAT PA 31,646 3,217 10.2% 11,558 359.3%
39 TOWNEBANK VA 17,069 2,073 12.1% 7,380 356.1%
40 ATLANTIC UNION BANK VA 24,642 3,370 13.7% 11,966 355.1%
41 STELLAR BANK TX 10,711 1,576 14.7% 5,569 353.4%
42 UMB BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION MO 44,202 3,256 7.4% 11,427 350.9%
43 CENTRAL TRUST BANK, THE MO 18,645 1,660 8.9% 5,804 349.7%
44 FIRST INTERSTATE BANK MT 30,218 3,176 10.5% 10,908 343.5%
45 CATHAY BANK CA 23,218 2,857 12.3% 9,736 340.8%
46 VERITEX COMMUNITY BANK TX 12,645 1,700 13.4% 5,758 338.8%
47 HTLF BANK CO 18,739 2,071 11.0% 6,915 334.0%
48 GLACIER BANK MT 27,785 3,135 11.3% 10,459 333.7%
49 SIMMONS BANK AR 27,328 3,503 12.8% 11,638 332.2%
50 CITIZENS BUSINESS BANK CA 16,159 2,097 13.0% 6,946 331.3%
51 FIRSTBANK TN 12,517 1,495 11.9% 4,894 327.3%
52 WILMINGTON SAVINGS FUND SOCIET DE 20,648 2,368 11.5% 7,693 324.9%
53 PACIFIC PREMIER BANK CA 18,323 3,196 17.4% 10,305 322.4%
54 EAST WEST BANK CA 72,335 6,833 9.4% 21,956 321.3%
55 OLD NATIONAL BANK IN 52,825 5,931 11.2% 18,743 316.0%
56 SOUTHSTATE BANK, N.A. FL 45,481 5,935 13.1% 18,566 312.8%
57 PLAINSCAPITAL BANK TX 12,734 1,577 12.4% 4,903 310.9%
58 ARVEST BANK AR 26,283 1,918 7.3% 5,890 307.1%
59 FROST BANK Tx 48,915 3,607 7.4% 11,059 306.6%
60 WESBANCO BANK, INC. WV 18,095 2,586 14.3% 7,898 305.4%
61 CUSTOMERS BANK PA 20,957 1,796 8.6% 5,461 304.0%
62 PINNACLE BANK TN 49,227 6,271 12.7% 18,898 301.3%
63 UNITED COMMUNITY BANK SC 26,999 3,240 12.0% 9,710 299.7%
64 FIRST COMMONWEALTH BANK PA 11,597 1,323 11.4% 3,962 299.5%
65 BANK OF HAWAII HI 23,270 1,486 6.4% 4,409 296.6%
66 ROCKLAND TRUST COMPANY MA 19,414 2,934 15.1% 8,670 295.5%
67 FIRST HORIZON BANK TN 81,935 8,850 10.8% 26,144 295.4%
68 RENASANT BANK MS 17,511 2,594 14.8% 7,613 293.5%
69 AMERIS BANK GA 26,429 3,719 14.1% 10,879 292.5%
70 UNITED BANK VA 29,868 4,898 16.4% 14,311 292.2%
71 WESTERN ALLIANCE BANK AZ 80,470 6,543 8.1% 19,028 290.8%
72 TRISTATE CAPITAL BANK PA 19,680 1,306 6.6% 3,731 285.7%
73 CADENCE BANK MS 47,984 5,288 11.0% 14,951 282.7%
74 BANCFIRST OK 10,722 1,178 11.0% 3,314 281.3%
75 BOKF, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OK 50,195 4,891 9.7% 13,642 278.9%
76 BUSEY BANK IL 11,936 1,546 13.0% 4,274 276.5%
77 COMMUNITY BANK, NATIONAL ASSOC NY 15,654 1,284 8.2% 3,500 272.5%
78 NBT BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION NY 13,404 1,447 10.8% 3,930 271.5%
79 WEBSTER BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIA CT 76,761 9,194 12.0% 24,895 270.8%
80 BANKUNITED, NATIONAL ASSOCIATI FL 35,402 3,177 9.0% 8,457 266.2%
81 ASSOCIATED BANK, NATIONAL ASSO WI 41,573 4,151 10.0% 10,919 263.0%
82 MIDFIRST BANK OK 37,930 3,797 10.0% 9,914 261.1%
83 OPTUM BANK, INC. UT 17,080 1,781 10.4% 4,624 259.6%
84 CENTENNIAL BANK AR 22,845 3,722 16.3% 9,631 258.7%
85 SEACOAST NATIONAL BANK FL 14,943 2,129 14.2% 5,387 253.0%
86 HANCOCK WHITNEY BANK MS 35,392 3,809 10.8% 9,556 250.9%
87 EASTERN BANK MA 21,028 2,824 13.4% 6,970 246.8%
88 FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF OMAHA NE 31,497 2,973 9.4% 7,321 246.2%
89 DOLLAR BANK, FEDERAL SAVINGS B PA 11,502 1,109 9.6% 2,727 245.9%
90 COMMERCE BANK MO 30,345 2,489 8.2% 6,013 241.5%
91 FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF PENNSYL PA 47,578 6,031 12.7% 13,956 231.4%
92 MECHANICS BANK CA 17,327 2,244 13.0% 5,158 229.8%
93 FIRST HAWAIIAN BANK HI 23,993 2,538 10.6% 5,758 226.9%
94 TEXAS CAPITAL BANK TX 29,734 3,388 11.4% 7,622 225.0%
95 FIRST FINANCIAL BANK OH 18,093 2,348 13.0% 5,158 219.7%
96 FIRST FINANCIAL BANK TX 13,091 1,361 10.4% 2,985 219.4%
97 FIRST MERCHANTS BANK IN 18,292 2,237 12.2% 4,786 214.0%
98 FIRSTBANK PUERTO RICO PR 18,873 1,618 8.6% 3,436 212.4%
99 NORTHWEST BANK PA 14,427 1,546 10.7% 3,215 208.0%
100 STIFEL BANK AND TRUST MO 18,028 1,263 7.0% 2,513 198.9%
101 SANTANDER BANK, NATIONAL ASSOC DE 100,562 12,206 12.1% 23,230 190.3%
102 FIRST-CITIZENS BANK & TRUST CO NC 219,685 22,165 10.1% 41,333 186.5%
103 EVERBANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FL 39,446 3,597 9.1% 6,638 184.6%
104 BANCO POPULAR DE PUERTO RICO PR 58,314 2,999 5.1% 5,466 182.3%
105 CIBC BANK USA IL 55,874 9,645 17.3% 17,544 181.9%
106 NEXBANK TX 15,256 1,314 8.6% 2,220 169.0%
107 CITY NATIONAL BANK CA 92,245 10,789 11.7% 17,321 160.5%
108 MANUFACTURERS AND TRADERS TRUS NY 208,378 26,712 12.8% 41,365 154.9%
109 CITIZENS BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCI RI 219,634 23,172 10.6% 34,083 147.1%
110 RAYMOND JAMES BANK FL 40,812 2,828 6.9% 4,154 146.9%
111 KEYBANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OH 184,963 15,047 8.1% 20,437 135.8%
112 PROSPERITY BANK TX 39,759 7,261 18.3% 9,334 128.5%
113 ORIENTAL BANK PR 11,154 1,143 10.3% 1,430 125.0%
114 HUNTINGTON NATIONAL BANK, THE OH 195,864 17,506 8.9% 20,423 116.7%
115 REGIONS BANK AL 153,039 16,042 10.5% 16,376 102.1%
116 PNC BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION DE 552,530 51,368 9.3% 50,102 97.5%
117 BMO BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION IL 261,999 33,221 12.7% 31,366 94.4%
118 TRUIST BANK NC 511,931 61,931 12.1% 57,777 93.3%
119 FIFTH THIRD BANK, NATIONAL ASS OH 212,484 21,380 10.1% 19,576 91.6%
120 WELLS FARGO BANK, NATIONAL ASS SD 1,719,839 165,821 9.6% 150,510 90.8%
121 U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OH 664,924 62,160 9.3% 52,867 85.1%
122 TD BANK, N.A. DE 370,332 47,358 12.8% 34,899 73.7%
123 CAPITAL ONE, NATIONAL ASSOCIAT VA 477,304 53,814 11.3% 31,230 58.0%
124 JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, NATIONAL OH 3,510,536 314,186 9.0% 175,590 55.9%
125 NORTHERN TRUST COMPANY, THE IL 156,265 11,886 7.6% 6,640 55.9%
126 DEUTSCHE BANK TRUST COMPANY AM NY 40,591 9,886 24.4% 4,850 49.1%
127 MORGAN STANLEY BANK, N.A. UT 211,521 23,234 11.0% 10,678 46.0%
128 ALLY BANK UT 181,969 14,180 7.8% 6,400 45.1%
129 MORGAN STANLEY PRIVATE BANK, N NY 207,569 16,970 8.2% 7,208 42.5%
130 BEAL BANK USA NV 17,500 3,763 21.5% 1,445 38.4%
131 BANK OF AMERICA, NATIONAL ASSO NC 2,550,584 239,356 9.4% 84,163 35.2%
132 STIFEL BANK MO 10,477 672 6.4% 226 33.7%
133 HSBC BANK USA, NATIONAL ASSOCI VA 159,048 15,846 10.0% 4,436 28.0%
134 UBS BANK USA UT 109,624 9,549 8.7% 2,299 24.1%
135 GOLDMAN SACHS BANK USA NY 543,888 59,476 10.9% 13,403 22.5%
136 BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON, THE NY 351,806 27,562 7.8% 5,899 21.4%
137 BNY MELLON, NATIONAL ASSOCIATI PA 30,917 3,675 11.9% 709 19.3%
138 CITIBANK, N.A. SD 1,678,936 166,088 9.9% 29,451 17.7%
139 STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST CO MA 321,473 26,618 8.3% 2,884 10.8%
140 TD BANK USA, NATIONAL ASSOCIAT DE 33,691 4,250 12.6% 168 4.0%
141 SOFI BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATIO UT 27,361 3,805 13.9% 144 3.8%
142 BMW BANK OF NORTH AMERICA UT 12,113 1,703 14.1% 44 2.6%
143 SALLIE MAE BANK UT 28,731 2,835 9.9% 56 2.0%
144 SYNCHRONY BANK UT 112,875 13,101 11.6% 52 0.4%
145 THIRD FEDERAL SAVINGS & LOAN A OH 17,023 1,732 10.2% 3 0.2%
146 BARCLAYS BANK DELAWARE DE 40,173 5,275 13.1% 8 0.2%
147 USAA FEDERAL SAVINGS BANK AZ 111,712 3,717 3.3% 1 0.0%
148 DISCOVER BANK DE 148,660 14,488 9.7% 0 0.0%
149 WELLS FARGO NATIONAL BANK WEST NV 12,012 1,472 12.3% 0 0.0%
150 AMERICAN EXPRESS NATIONAL BANK UT 192,276 17,189 8.9% 0 0.0%
151 BANK OF AMERICA CALIFORNIA, NA CA 15,007 1,767 11.8% 0 0.0%
152 CHARLES SCHWAB PREMIER BANK, S TX 25,492 1,848 7.2% 0 0.0%
153 CHARLES SCHWAB BANK, SSB TX 273,816 17,384 6.3% 0 0.0%
154 COMENITY CAPITAL BANK UT 12,674 2,015 15.9% 0 0.0%
155 AMERIPRISE BANK, FSB MN 22,658 1,034 4.6% 0 0.0%

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